Aniline dye, made from the coal-tar derivative, aniline, was accidentally discoverd in 1857 by 18-year old William Perkin while trying to make synthetic quinine.
While aniline dye, the first ever synthetic dye, can take on many colors, it is most often associated with a purple coined as the name "mauve". Aniline dye was used to color paper, fabirc, and leather.
Synthetic dyes are either made from aniline or chrome. The latter has since proved to produce a more stable product, since aniline dyes fade and change color when exposed to light and moisture.
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Despite its shortcomings, the mauve of aniline dyes changed the world. Queen Victoria appropriated the color for her garment at her daughter's wedding, and a whole new industry of dye manufacturing was born.
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